Calculators for Shooters

Quick, on‑range tools with simple physics explanations. Always verify against your range and competition rules.

Kinetic Energy (J / ft‑lb)

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. The classical formula is E = ½ · m · v², where m is mass (kg) and v is velocity (m/s). We convert grains or grams to kilograms, and feet/second to meters/second, then compute Joules. Foot‑pounds are shown using 1 J = 0.73756 ft‑lb.

J: — ft‑lb: — HME
HME threshold: 4500 J / 3319 ft‑lb per NRA UK Range Regulations.
Power Factor (PF)

Power Factor is commonly used in dynamic shooting sports to represent momentum: PF = (bullet weight in grains × velocity in ft/s) / 1000. Thresholds (e.g., Minor/Major) vary by discipline and division—consult the specific rulebook.

PF: —
Angular Units: MOA / MRAD

Convert between angular units and estimate linear shift at distance. For small angles, linear shift ≈ distance × angle (radians). Useful when translating scope holds to actual movement on target.

MOA: — MRAD: — Shift: — cm Shift: — in